Genetic Risk and Activity Affect Onset of COPD in Study

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, accounting for over 3 million deaths annually. Existing knowledge gaps persist regarding the interplay between genetic predispositions and lifestyle factors such as physical activity in the incidence of COPD.

This investigation utilized a population-based cohort study design, enrolling 10,000 participants with no prior COPD diagnosis. Inclusion criteria comprised adults aged 40-75 years, assessed for genetic markers associated with COPD susceptibility and levels of physical activity measured through validated questionnaires. The primary endpoint was the incidence of COPD diagnosed by spirometry over a 5-year follow-up period, with statistical analysis performed using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results indicated a 25% increased risk of COPD in individuals with high genetic risk scores compared to low genetic risk scores (hazard ratio 1.25, 95% CI 1.10-1.43, P=0.002). Furthermore, those engaging in low physical activity exhibited a 40% higher incidence of COPD than their physically active counterparts (hazard ratio 1.40, 95% CI 1.20-1.60, P<0.001). Notably, a combined analysis revealed that individuals with both high genetic risk and low physical activity had a 60% increased risk of COPD.

The findings underscore the significance of integrating genetic and lifestyle factors in COPD prevention strategies, particularly emphasizing the importance of physical activity for individuals with a genetic predisposition. However, this study is limited by its observational nature and reliance on self-reported physical activity, thus necessitating further research to confirm these associations in diverse populations.

Original citation address: https://www.besjournal.com/en/article/doi/10.3967/bes2025.112